Robert Schoch: Robert Bauval and I are following the same object. Great Sphinx, which looks at the platform Giza, but we really come from a different perspective. Robert Bauval it really comes out of the archeo-astronomical perspective and everyone knows about the theory of binding Orion and how it links back to an earlier date, let's say 10 000 - 10 500 BC. And I look at it from a geological point of view, I look directly at the real stones on the ground and come to the same conclusion, so we complement each other very well, our data coincide very well, and one way to summarize is to a few people said: they are stars in the sky and stones on the ground.

Robert Bauval: I should point out to those heads and faces of these things ... you know, I've always been embarrassed by the technological link, no forensic expert is needed to see the face and see the Chafre statue, and realize we have nothing to do with the same person. Unfortunately, the face was quite badly damaged by the ants during the millennium, and due to recent repairs, but still features features that suggest a black appearance, it seems to me more like a black feature than a defect, at least the statue we see.

Another thing to keep in mind is that Chafra's statues may not be his exact appearance ... Most pharaohs were depicted very stylishly and we can not rely on sculptures to show us how they looked. There is no doubt that they are two different faces. Much suggests that what we see is not the face of Pharaoh Chafre.

Robert Schoch: From my point of view of a geologist. Based on the evidence, I am absolutely convinced that it is not the original head or the original face. The whole thing appeared during the dynasty. So my level doesn't care whose face it's, because that original face was probably lion.

In my opinion, 100 is fundamentally the basis of the original Sphinx, something that is confusing for the people who go there ... and we both take Egypt regularly. We take people there who have never been there before, they look at those things, and sometimes you hear the comments: Well, it's made of lots of small limestone blocks. On the paws for example, you see that they are part of the body, but all are repaired, some are modern, some are ancient.

The original body of the Sphinx with the original head on this body is the only solid piece of limestone. When the Sphinx was originally engraved here, they were pieces of natural rock that were located above the surrounding plateau, so they probably attracted attention. It could have been carved into the shape of a head, maybe originally the lion's head and later or in parallel with what we do not know, but we are talking about a very ancient time, about 10 - 000 BCE. They carved into the bedrock around what happened to the body, so when you look down at the Sphinx or down to see the body, the body is below the general level of the platform, so it's a solid bedrock and yes, it was repaired and restored in my opinion. many times over thousands of years.

I was allowed to walk on the back of the Sphinx and then there were ladders because they were making repairs and I was allowed to go up on the Sphinx. So I was on it and I looked at my head and it's all one big piece of rock. What we have here is a situation where the original head became heavily eroded, caused by rainfall. There is no logical doubt about this, and it is part of the whole - you do not have rainfall that could cause this type of erosion in the last 5 years, but the head is heavily weathered, heavily eroded and modified. The head was originally larger. This is my assessment and then in the days of the dynasty, instead of trying to fix the head in the sense of inserting small blocks of stone and restoring the original elements that could remain. My opinion is that they destroyed the older head and she shrunk. In fact, the current head is too small for the body when you look at it in terms of proportions.

Robert Bauval: I think one of the things Robert Schoch would agree with is that there is a lot of emphasis on these things themselves and everything Robert said and I agree with him, but people tend to forget that the Sphinx is connected to two temples, or there are two temples near these things, one called the Sphinx Temple and the other slightly adjacent to the south, called the Mourning Temple. And these, I'm sure Robert will agree with me, give indications to a much - much earlier date than was written by Egyptologists.

Robert Schoch: One of the first things I studied were the two temples and we can demonstrate geologically, and this was not only demonstrated by me, but independently by me and other geologists, that these temples are composed of limestone nuclei, so limestone nuclei, huge megalithic blocks weighing tens of tons, in fact some of them probably exceeded hundreds of tons more than 50 times. These blocks did not just come from somewhere, they were actually mined from the base of the Sphinx when the Sphinx was carved. When the body of the Sphinx was carved, these limestone blocks, forming these two temples, are simultaneously carved from the body of the Sphinx. So these temples are as old as the oldest part of the Sphinx. Later, they were heavily eroded and re-destroyed by water, and I can tell, I was able to determine geologically that it was water in terms of precipitation - precipitation falling from above.

Sometimes people say, Oh, that must be the floods of the Nile, but now you can geologically demonstrate that these were not floods from the Nile, because floods from the Nile would cause other weathering and erosion. These were heavily weathered and eroded, then later repaired by the Egyptians using Aswan granite. Huge blocks of Aswan granite, which were later than the original temples, and these as one block of granite have inscriptions and there are still a few very eroded inscriptions left on the so-called The Valley Templewhich indicate that they were there. Either they were already there or they were already there in the days of the old kingdom. So if you're fixing something, you know the original structure is much older.

Robert Bauval: These temples are a great mystery to me. Obviously they are from a different type of construction, which suggests that they are very old, much older, but they seem to be from a completely different contractor. If you use a completely different technique that doesn't make sense, it doesn't make sense to [us people of today] use such huge blocks, it's just crazy.

There is no doubt, and I agree that the one who designed the pyramids and designed the complex used astronomy. This is also acknowledged by Egyptologists. The arrangement of the pyramids is well known, it has been known for 150 years that they are in line with the cardinal direction, from an astronomical point of view. We have also known since the 60's that under Great pyramids There are shafts that have been aligned with star systems and of course correlation theory of Orion belt, which adds to all these astronomical inputs, which show that there is a relationship between the structures on Earth and the Orion Belt.

What is obvious is that the construction of these monuments, the pyramids and the Sphing, for example, I think at first glance - someone had to know something about the most basic astronomy.

We realize that the Sphinx is looking east, that's what we call it the equinox markif you want. And the moment we talk about the image lion, the mind is coming The constellation of the lion in the sky. And how do you connect them? This is where science comes to our aid precessions. Precession is something very - very simple. Our planet leans like a spinning top. This causes the position of the stars from the Earth's surface at sunrise during the spring equinox to shift in a cycle of 26000 years.

It is easily observable within a generation. So, for example, if you align two stones in the direction of a certain star rising in the sky and then come 50 or 60 years later, you will find that the star has moved out of this arrangement, so this is something that is easily observable, especially by humans, who are constantly watching the sky and which we know from the ancient Egyptians.

So the ancient Egyptians believe in what we now consider to be the religion of the sky. They believe that Egypt is a reflection of the sky or the opposite of part of the sky, which is very clear from their text. And one thing is that the sky is literally like a billboard. It determines the time and displays the constellations and positions of the planets, the position of the Sun at different times of the year. So you can write a story.

I am very convinced that the Egyptians very cleverly use the sky as a register of their chronology. Therefore, we see structures that are in harmony with specific stars, the case of some temples in Upper Egypt, star shafts in the Great Pyramid, and the Sphinx. So every time you look at these sights, you find that they set the time. The time sign returns the story and that story can be read directly in the sky. It's not just about the correlation theory of Orion's belt and the claim that the Sphinxes and Pyramids are bound to a certain date 10500 BCE. The pyramids are locked in the belt of Orion in the Meridian Passage, and at exactly the same time the Sphinx looks at its image in the sky, which it creates constellation of the lion, they are counterparts.

Robert Schoch: The point is that it not only testifies to archeo-astronomy, but geologists say the same, but we have the texts and traditions and they all point to the same thing and are locked in a relationship.

Comment: The Sahara Desert in Africa is the largest hot desert on the surface of Earth. But once there was a rich life full of animals and plants and several lakes during the era known as African wet season about 11 to 000 years ago. Today, the Sahara lies in the so-called desert belt, which is an area of ​​dry air north of the equator. Strong winds, the sky from the clouds and the dry land beneath them. They stretch across the Gobi Desert in China, across the desert of the southwestern United States. Only three million years ago did the Sahara change from a swamp to sand. Since then, the Sahara has become the creeping wasteland we see today. Geology alone seemed to explain the creation of the largest deserts in the world. Then a new radar was used in NASA's space shuttle, which revealed that the desert across the burning sands was once full of greenery.

In 1981, the space rocket made a surprising discovery. Using a new type of radar, NASA gained a 30 km wide survey of the Sahara Desert. The radar penetrated the sand to a depth of 5 meters, revealing what looked like a hidden network of ancient riverbeds across the desert. This finding confused the scientist. Three million years ago, the Sahara transformed from a rainforest into a desert. Now it seems to have been home to a lot of water for the next three million years.

Sudden climate change has been associated with everything from volcanic activity to meteors that have hit Earth. Weather investigator Peter Dominical had the idea that this was not the first time that this had happened. He turned his archive of deep exploratory geological boreholes from the ocean floor and examined the levels of desert dust in the drilled cores that dated hundreds of thousands of years ago. He found the Sahara changed more than once.

Peter Dominical: When I first collected these measurements, I really almost fell off my chair because we saw that there are many such changes in the climate system.

Comment: To explain these regular dramatic changes, Dominical looks beyond the borders of the Sahara, to the rotation of the Earth itself. More precisely, on the small fluctuations of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. The theory is that the precession causes the Earth to tilt slightly, so that the monsoons that flooded South Africa have now moved with rain to the dunes in the Sahara. These waves appear every twenty thousand years.

Peter Dominical: So this is a great answer - when Africa was wet and the phase of the cycle and that it happened millions of years ago.

Comment: Each time the rain belt shifts, the landscape changes and the desert turns into greenery.

Peter Dominical: The most remarkable thing about the Sahara for me is how small fluctuations are something so simple that a small vibration in Earth's orbit can lead to such a dramatic climate change in such a vast region.

Comment: Scientists now have evidence of how and why the Sahara has become green. Then one of the Egyptian archaeologists made a stunning discovery in the Libyan desert. An eyewitness to the last transformation of the Sahara. Investigators headed for a valley deep in the Libyan desert. The first key to uncovering this mystery is a small circle of stones.

Just seven thousand years ago, the most dangerous desert on earth was the home of humans and animals. Researchers have gathered similar evidence of life in different places across the Sahara. The remains of elephants, gazelles, hippos and crocodiles.

Remarkable cave paintings even depict people swimming. Elsewhere, carefully buried human bones were found in a cemetery next to the then lake. Analyzes of these bones show that they date from 10 to 000 years ago.

Peter Dominical: Now the question for scientists was how quickly the Sahara changed from a rich landscape to a land that was dry to the bone. Transition from the very well irrigated Sahara, which has been completely vegetated to the one that is so much drier. Climate transitions have occurred in one or two millennia.

Comment: When the earth's wave moved the rain belt, the return to the desert was rapid and deadly. What must have seemed like a never-ending drought turned into a mild, fertile region the size of the United States and a brutal desolate wilderness in just 200 years. The wasteland we see today. Those who had to migrate east to the nearest source of water. Nile Valley, a lighthouse of greenery in the vast desert.

Scientists now know that Earth's fluctuations make the Sahara a pendulum. It changes from wet to dry every 26 years like a watch (precession cycle length). Another fluctuation in the Earth's axis is set in 000 years from now. Only then will the Sahara refresh and turn green again.

Robert Schoch: We have a good idea of ​​what was happening in the last 5 thousand years, from roughly 3000 to 3500 BCE to the present day, but I believe that what shows evidence, my work on the study of the Great Sphinx, work on Göbekli Tepe. What I think is very clear is that civilization reappears around 3500 - 3000 BCE and yes, we could argue about it, but it is a much bigger story that takes place thousands and thousands of years back.

At this point, I believe that we have changed and we can be almost certain that it existed at the end of the last ice age real developed civilization at the time of 9 to 10000 BCE. And that's about 11000 to 12000 years back.

Looking at Göbekli Tepe, does not look like Sphinx and / or Sphinx Temple a Valley Temple in Giza. But he liked to point out a few things. First of all, the Göbekli Tepe is considerably smaller, but it is also built of megaliths, stone pillars that are absolutely beautifully carved. Same dexterity, same skills, but in a different style. So they do something else. And in all cases, they are astronomically aligned.

I have compiled a book that deals in great detail with Göbekli Tepe. I continue to work on this place and continue to study it.

Here again we have an astronomical arrangement, including a link to constellation Orion, so here you have a lot of similarities and another thing that is very - very important in my opinion is that I'm a geologist, so I'm thinking in terms of the Ice Age and its end, which ended 9700 BCE. That date is based on the ice cores of Greenland, ending about 12000 years ago. This period is exactly the moment that is known in Egypt as Zep Tepi, period Of the Golden Age, which was reflected in both places, both on the Giza plateau and in Göbekli Tepe.

Everything suggests that both Giza and Göbekli Tepe refer to the same period of time before the end of the Ice Age. In both cases, we ask the same question: What happened to these civilizations that are the authors of those constructions? What was the reason for the conscious burial of Göbekli Tepe underground?

At the end of the last ice age, devastating conditions for life on Earth occurred. I believe that there was a solar explosion in 9700 BCE, and it seems that this explosion destroyed this early civilization. (Melted glaciers.) Göbekli Tepe is a very important place in this respect and helps us understand a much larger picture of the context.

Robert Schoch: I think sometimes we have too much arrogance in our modern technology and we should realize that nature has the upper hand over us.