Gungywamp is an archeological site in Groton, Connecticut, USA. This place is famous for its stone buildings. We do not know the exact age or purpose of the buildings, but there are many hypotheses. These hypotheses are based on historical and archaeological evidence, and are often overshadowed by the claim that the Gungywamp structures were built by Irish monks in 6-8. century.

Gungywamp can be divided into two separate areas

Several stone tools and ceramic fragments found at the Gungywamp site.

The Gungywamp area can be divided into two separate areas - the northern and southern complex. In each of the areas we find a high cliff, swamp, stream and stone structures. Artifacts obtained from the site suggest that human presence in Gungywamp can be traced back 4000 years ago. These artifacts include stone tools and pottery shards. However, the most remarkable archaeological features in Gungywamp are stone buildings.

Stone buildings

These buildings can be divided into several types:

• standing stone rows
• stone bridges
• stone chambers
• double stone circle

These structures confuse scholars for a long time. For example, there is disagreement about the age of buildings and the identity of their builders. While some claim that the buildings were built by European settlers during the colonial period, others believe that they were built by Native Americans before the 17th century. Others claimed that the stone buildings were built by Irish monks who came to North America between the 6th and 8th centuries AD.

One of the Gungywamp stone chambers.

The monks are said to have traveled across the Atlantic to escape the Vikings. This statement seems to be quite popular and often repeated, although without much compelling evidence to support it.

Gungywamp hypotheses based on historical evidence

The hypotheses argue for either the colonial or Native American origins of the structures. For example, with regard to the double stone circle, one hypothesis is that it is the remains of a crushing mill, sometimes referred to as an "edge mill". This hypothesis is based on illustrations of physical mills that have survived to this day, as well as patterns of wear on the inside of the gutter. These mills are known to have been used in Europe from the Middle Ages until the 19th century. Therefore, the mill hypothesis suggests that Gungywamp's double stone circle was built during the colonial period by European settlers.

An alternative hypothesis states that the double stone circle was built by Native Americans before the arrival of European settlers. Given that Native American artifacts were found in Gungywamp, it is possible that this structure could also have been built by them. This hypothesis is also supported by the fact that the stones were not machined with metal tools. Instead, the stones were heated with fire, then their surface was cut until the desired shape was achieved. This technique was used by Native Americans for copper mining and quartz mining.

If the double stone circle was built by Native Americans, it could be used for ceremonies.

Other stone structures in Gungywamp

Other stone buildings in Gungywamp also have many hypotheses. The colonial origin assumes that the purpose of the stone series is purely functional. These features include several upright stones in a stone wall, boxes for feed or supplies, stretchers for tanning, and pens for grazing cattle. The Indian hypothesis assumes that the buildings served a ceremonial purpose that was associated with either the moon or birds. Given that the arguments for the colonial European origin of Gungywamp's stone buildings are as strong as the arguments for the Indian origin, further research into these mysterious buildings would be necessary. Only when more evidence is available will it be possible to attribute more certainty to either colonial European or Native American hypotheses about the origin and function of buildings.

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End whistle - smooth (end cap)

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End whistle - smooth (end cap)