Russian simple physicist Georgy Fursi, Doctor of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Professor, Honorary Vice President and Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, President of the St. Petersburg Department of RAEN, answered ten simple questions about breakthroughs and the most promising research, discoveries and technologies in Russian science. (Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, President of the International League for the Protection of Culture.

What research and scientific discoveries are now the most promising?

Those that serve to preserve the human race, its development and improvement.

Without thinking, it is molecular biology, genetics, work in decoding the human genetic code, nanophysics, nanoelectronics and nanotechnology, information technology, psychology and social consciousness (successes in overcoming the terrible technologies of manipulating human consciousness).

There is another nascent field of science, and that is the study of the phenomenon of intuition and the associated breakthroughs in knowledge, which we sometimes call enlightenment. Today, scientists have come very close to the problem of multidimensionality and nonlinear phenomena of our world. Astrophysical research and the study of outer space have become extremely important. The discovery of new observation methods, such as radiospectroscopy, X-ray and infrared spectroscopy, has provided an opportunity to significantly deepen our vision of the formation of the universe, its processes and future cosmic catastrophes, as well as phenomena and objects such as black holes and quasars. , relic radiation, dark matter and energy.

Despite the enormous size and distance of similar objects in both time and space, this fundamental research fantastically and phenomenally expands man's ideas about the Universe. If we talk about our solar system, then all these systematic observations make it possible to combine the activity of the Sun with its effect on the climate, weather and human health. In the last century, the research of Chizhevsky, Florensky, Ciolkovsky and other Russian scientists has been dedicated to this.

Equally promising is the systematic observation of the Sun and asteroids around the Earth. Monitoring them is important because a collision with the Earth can lead to a global catastrophe and needs to be predicted in the near future. And then we may be able to prevent it in this critical situation by using new space technologies and the vast sources of energy that are accumulated in nuclear charges. Strange as it may be, we can see in it one of the positive uses of combat nuclear warheads.

Why do we need a nuclear fusion?

Scientists have long argued whether we need it and whether it is actually feasible. I believe that the evidence of the possibility of implementing such a process is questionable. Many orthodox scholars say it is against the fundamental foundations of contemporary science. But the realization of the cold fusion is extremely attractive for people, and they will continue to talk about it.

The energy released from nuclear reactions is a million times higher than during ordinary combustion. An example of a natural thermonuclear reactor is the Sun, which generates energy through the thermonuclear fusion of helium and hydrogen. The hypothesis concerning the possibility of a nuclear reaction in chemical systems without significant heating of the working substance is called cold fusion. And its successful use will mean a real revolution in energy. In the light of examples of failed attempts and obvious falsifications in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, orthodox scholars consider cold fusion work to be a dawn. However, groups of researchers are working on this scientific problem in different countries, who regularly report on their successes.

What gives the world hydrogen energy?

The feeling that there is almost everything ready to be put to life, but because the world economy is largely built on raw materials of hydrocarbon fuels, things move more slowly than they could.

There are already systems today that make it possible to use hydrogen energy in cars, but also in more powerful machines and mechanisms. We deal with this problem specifically in our country at the Center for Electrophysical Surface Problems at St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications. These researches are performed in the laboratory of academician RAEN AI Livšice. His team has been successfully involved in the development of superconducting hydrogen membranes for several years, opening up new possibilities in the field of hydrogen energy.

Hydrogen energy makes it possible to move from hydrocarbon raw materials to ecologically clean raw materials. This means, for example, the use of water as a fuel. This is the latest direction in the production and use of energy by mankind, based on the use of hydrogen as a means of accumulating, transporting and consuming energy by humans, transport infrastructure and economic sectors.

Atomic energy in the form of small but powerful units that do not require energy transmission costs undoubtedly has a future. However, such devices can also be designed on the basis of hydrogen energy.

What are the options for nanoelectronics?

We can say that nanophysics and nanoelectronics represent the top in modern electronics. Nanophysics is the latest field of research in the field of quantum physics, chemistry and biology, where completely new and special properties of matter are manifested. Nanoelectronics is an area of ​​electronics that deals with the development of physical and technological foundations for the creation of integral electronic schemes with characteristic element dimensions of less than one hundred nanometers.

The term nanaoelectronics has replaced the term microelectronics, which is more common for older generations. Under it were understood the top technologies of semiconductor electronics of the 60's with the size of elements of the order of one micron. In nanoelectronics, however, technologies are being developed for the production of devices with even smaller element dimensions, not exceeding one hundred and sometimes even ten nanometers. However, the main peculiarity here is not the ordinary mechanical reduction of dimensions, but the fact that quantum effects are beginning to prevail in elements of such a size, the use of which can be very promising.

Recently, scientists have had very interesting and promising natural nano-objects at their disposal, which are graphene and nanotubes. By the way, the discovery of each of these objects was awarded the Nobel Prize. A nanotube is a cylindrical structure with a thickness of several atoms. Depending on the shape and size, they can have both conductive and semiconductive properties. Graphene is a two-dimensional crystalline carbon material that can be imagined as a flat structure consisting of carbon atoms. It has conductive properties that allow it to function as a very good conductor and semiconductor. In addition, it is extremely flexible and is able to withstand huge loads of tension and bending.

 How do we benefit from nanotechnology?

For example, graphene is considered the most likely candidate for use in new-class computers, monitors, solar cells, and flexible electronics. It is he who hopes for a substantial miniaturization of these devices. Graphene is already an essential element for assembling supercapacitors and electrical energy accumulators.

Nanotubes are able to impart revolutionary mechanical and optical properties to electronic diagrams, simply to allow electronics to be flexible and transparent. The fact is that they are more mobile and do not retain light in a thin layer, which means that matrices with integral schemes can bend without losing their electronic properties. It is possible that in the near future it will be possible to carry a laptop in the back pocket of trousers, and when we sit on a bench, we will open it to the size of a newspaper. At the same time, its entire surface becomes a high-resolution screen. Then it will be possible to roll it again, for example in the form of a bracelet.

In addition, such nano-objects can be used in medicine, where they will transport medicines to the required places, in electronic accelerators, high-frequency and pulse devices, laser devices, small and portable X-ray technology and in cases where investigations related to the terrorist threat need to be carried out. . Nanomaterials have already found effective use in catalysis, in the creation of new lubricants, super-resistant surfaces, paints, etc.

What good is it to study technologies designed to manipulate the consciousness of the masses?

Read science-fiction literature from 70. and 80. years, and not to mention far older science-fantezers, you understand that the only thing their authors could not predict is the stormy development of information and communication technologies, from ordinary mobile phones to the Internet, smartphones, tablets and other sophisticated devices, or miniature mobile devices , used for various purposes.

The visible progress here is absolutely astounding. What the great fantasies have described relatively recently is in no way comparable to what we have here today. The information and computer spheres are evolving at such a pace that we do not count for years, but for months, as modern devices age and new ones appear. The consumer simply can't keep up with this crazy pace. This "computer tornado" simply destroys the understanding of the common man.

However, all these achievements of civilization also carry obvious threats, such as dependence on computers and the Internet and the dangerous escape into the virtual world. This means that one must create an antidote against the zombification of one's consciousness. Sad and terrible, whatever scientists invent, it always becomes a weapon. However, if we do not have the appropriate knowledge, then one day we will not be able to understand why we are dying…

We need to create an internal system of protection against temptations, from the temptation to manipulate consciousness, including those currently used by terrorists. For example, I cannot understand how it is possible to influence the brain of a young, healthy and educated person, who often comes from a normal, very prosperous family, to voluntarily become an Islamic assassin, falling into the deepest psychological hole, even if he lives in Europe. and thus got into states contrary to humanity. If we are to think of a better future, then it is very important to understand the principles that will make it possible to withstand such a terrible manipulation of consciousness. And then we will be able to survive.

Evil usually settles at the end of a great idea, which it turns into an antithesis and creates a temptation to use some black technology, from which it benefits immediately. Sometimes such an advantage is very great and extends over a significant period of time, but as a result it is always a trap. It then closes and it starts to be bad with humanity…

What is Enlightenment?

The mystery of human consciousness must be deciphered even to understand, for example, the principle of the mechanism of enlightenment. What is it?

We know that there is another way of gaining knowledge, which they call intuition, enlightenment, or sixth sense. Thanks to this, scientists are endlessly arguing, and some are called attempts to explore the phenomenon of pseudoscience enlightenment. But it does exist! All great scientific discoveries have taken place at the level of enlightenment.

Well-known neurophysiologist Natálie Bechtěrevová said: “We can get closer to deciphering when we study the brain code of thought activity, ie we look at what happens in those parts of the brain that are related to thinking and creativity… The brain absorbs information, processes is and accepts solutions; that's just the way it is. But sometimes one gets the finished formulation as if out of nowhere… Everyone who deals with creativity knows about the phenomenon of enlightenment. And not just her. This little-studied brain ability often plays a crucial role in any situation… There are two hypotheses. The first is that at the moment of enlightenment, the brain works as an ideal receiver. But then we have to admit that the information comes from outside the universe or from the fourth density. That is unprovable so far. But it can be said that the brain has created ideal conditions for itself and "enlightened"… "

What do we need "crazy ideas"?

Only they will allow us to make the leap into the future. But there is a dangerous tendency that has arisen due to the overly rational thinking of many scientists. They stubbornly oppose any "crazy" thoughts. It is connected with the fact that many adventurers have appeared in science.

All rather unusual ideas, as well as reports of extraordinary facts and strong observations that have not yet been credibly substantiated, are provoking fierce opposition from conservatives. As a result, everything that does not fall into orthodox ideas is declared "pseudoscience."

They even set up special commissions at the Russian Academy of Sciences "to combat pseudoscience." It has been operating for more than ten years. At the same time, the irrefutable fact that most fundamental discoveries in various fields of science, from quantum mechanics, the theory of relativity, biology, etc., were made by researchers who enlightened "crazy" ideas is completely neglected and rejected.

Do you need to study everything unrecognized?

The Russian Academy of Natural Sciences is sometimes condemned to think too broadly, which means that it accepts and approves of "crazy" thoughts and people who advocate them and helps them. But as one of the founders of the Soviet astronautics, Russian physicist, mathematician and art historian, co-worker Sergey Koroljov, academician RAN and RAEN Boris Viktorovich Raušenbach said, "I admit it all. The worst thing in science is not to admit anything. This is a non-scientific approach. When they tell me that a remarkable magician has appeared somewhere, and that there are tables and chairs on his flat, I'm not saying it's impossible. I'm going and looking (in the translated meaning of the word). We know too little about natural laws. "

Many other precise statements were made on this subject: "Never say never," "Friend Horacio, there are many miracles that our sages never dreamed of," and we can continue this list.

REAN takes this into account and seeks to collaborate with religious philosophers, study and promote the works of outstanding Russian cosmos, such as Ciolkovsky, Soloviev, Florensky, Berdyaev. We are not against entering this forbidden area. And when orthodox people start shouting, "Ayayai!", "That's not possible!", To treat us as "infidels" and create something like the current Inquisition, then it's actually very dangerous. The Scientific Inquisition is absolutely unpromising for science.

Sergei Petrovich Kapica said that no matter how paradoxical it sounds, enlightenment programs are disappearing in contemporary science… It is necessary to confront this entropy. Let's not shout that nothing can ever emerge from pseudoscience, from the unknown, but let's talk about how the world was created, let's appear on television uncensored and give viewers the opportunity to find their own arguments and decide for themselves what is true and what no. Then they will understand what revolves around what, whether the Sun around the Earth or the Earth around the Sun.

How dimensional is the world?

There is more and more evidence that the world we live in is far beyond the three dimensions we know. The universe is far wider and more complex. The study of multidimensionality and nonlinearity of space and time, as well as the construction of systems of equations that enable us to understand these states and characteristics of nature, will help us to realize our place in the universe.

Unfortunately, we still can not create images and describe quantum-mechanical effects beyond the framework of the three-dimensional world. But it is remarkable that our brain is equally capable of realizing this situation. And that gives us hope. Scientists have already acquired equations that we have not fully understood, but which nevertheless bring us practical results.

The questions were asked by Vladimir Voskresenskij